You are in the official 1981-82 General Catalog for California State University, Fresno.



COURSES


Note: Active immunization against tetanus (available through Student Health Services) is a prerequisite for registration in any laboratory course in agriculture and for any student employment on the University Farm.

Note: Cost to the student of extended field trips varies each semester depending upon itinerary. The student should ask the course instructor.




Plant Science (Plant)

10. Plant and Man (3)
Principles of plant structure, physiology, heredity, and environment in relation to growth, adaptation and management of crops. Techniques of research; future developments in plant sciences.

20. Plant Propagation (3)
Principles of sexual and asexual propagation; seed identification, seedage, cuttage, specialized plant structures tar propagation; propagation media, rooting aids, structures. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

40. Water and Man (3)
Problem approach to man's need for and use of water; his management of water supply, allocation, use, disposal, and quality control for domestic, aesthetic, agricultural, industrial, power, navigation, and recreational uses.

80. Undergraduate Research (1-4; max total 4)
Open to freshmen and sophomores with permission of instructor. Exploratory work on a suitable agricultural problem in plant science.

140. Plant Breeding (3)
Prerequisite: Biol 120. Application of genetic and environmental principles to improvement of plants; heredity and variation in plants, effects of environmental factors on plant improvements, effects of self and cross fertilization, principles and results of selection and hybridization in plant improvement. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

170. Micropropagation (3)
Prerequisite: college botany and chemistry. Principles of plant propagation by aseptic cell and organ culture as a means of rapid cloning; elimination of systemic plant diseases; production of somatic hybrids, ploidy change, and other genetic variants for use in plant breeding. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours) (Former Plant 170T section)

170T. Topics in Plant Science (1-4; max total 6 per discipline if no topic repeated)
(Same as Geog 114). Prerequisite: junior standing. Plant science, agricultural climatology, agronomy, horticulture, and other associated areas. Topics may require lab hours.

180. Undergraduate Research (1-4; max total 4)
Open to juniors and seniors. Exploratory work on a suitable agricultural problem in plant science.

190. Independent Study (1-3; max see reference)
See Academic Placement -- Independent Study.

 


Plant Protection (Plant)


21. Plant and Food Protection (3)
Origin, history, and evaluation of protective measures (chemical, biological, cultural) for the control of diseases, weeds, insects, and rodents in the field and around the home.

91. Beekeeping (3)
Fundamentals of beekeeping; manipulation of the hive; diseases and enemies of bees; nectar sources and pollination problems; production and marketing of honey and beeswax; laws and regulations pertaining to beekeeping. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

111. Fruit and Vegetable Standards (3)
State and federal standards and regulations for packing, processing, and shipping fruits and vegetables.

121. Economic Entomology (3)
(Same as Ent 106). Prerequisite: Bot 10 or Zool 10. General and economic entomology; taxonomy of the principal orders of insects; life histories, habits, recognition, and control of the principal agriculture insect pests of the San Joaquin Valley. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; field trips)

131. Weeds (3)
Prerequisite: Bot 10. Chem 2A. Weed control in California. Identification of common weeds. Fundamentals of preventive, cultural, biological, physical and chemical weed control methods. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

132. Agricultural Chemical Application (3)
Application techniques of agricultural chemicals; fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematocides, fumigants. Emphasis on effective and safe use of chemicals and on equipment calibration to ensure proper rate of application. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

151. Properties of Pesticides (3)
Prerequisite: Chem 8. Typical uses, modes of action, mechanisms of selectivity, environmental interactions, and user safety of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematocides, rodenticides and plant growth regulators.

161. Plant Nematology (3)
Prerequisite: Zool 10. Morphology, life history, parasitic activity, and control of economically important nematodes with emphasis on plant-parasitic forms. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

171. Introduction to Plant Pathology (3)
Prerequisite: Bot 1 or 10. Study of causal agents, disease cycles, and control of diseases. Student participates in a faculty led discussion each week. (2 lecture, 3 lab-discussion hours)

171A. Diseases of Fruit Crops (2)
Prerequisite or concurrently: Plant 171. A laboratory and field study of causal agents, diseases, and control of plant diseases afflicting major fruit, nut, and vine crops. (1 lecture, 3 lab hours)

171B. Diseases of Vegetable and Field Crops (2)
Prerequisite or concurrently:Plant 171. A laboratory and field study of causal agents, diseases, and control of diseases afflicting major vegetable and field crops. (1 lecture, 3 lab hours)

171C. Diseases of Ornamental Crops (2)
Prerequisite or concurrently: Plant 171. A laboratory and field study of causal agents, diseases, and control of diseases afflicting ornamental crops. (1 lecture, 3 lab hours)

181. Soil Microbiology (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 171 or Microbiology. Isolation, population studies and biochemical activities of soil organisms related to organic matter and agricultural chemicals decomposition, including their effects on plant growth. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

191. Integrated Pest Management (3)
Prerequisite: Ent 106. Concepts and principles of integrated pest management, insect and mite pest problems; sampling techniques; biology and ecology of major agricultural crop pests; integration of control measures for management of economic pests. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)




Agronomy (Plant)

13. Agronomy (3)
Principles of crop production and survey of important field crops; cultural methods, uses and marketing in California and the San Joaquin Valley. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 2 Saturday field trips)

33. Row Crops (3)
Cultural methods, uses, and marketing of major California and San Joaquin Valley row crops; sugar beets, beans, cotton, and other fiber and oil crops. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

43. Cereal Crops (3)
Cultural practices, varieties, harvesting, and marketing of wheat, barley, rice, corn, grain sorghum, oats and rye. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 2 Saturday field trips)

113. Seed Production (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 13 or 14. The principles of specialized agronomic, vegetable, flower, and tree seed production. Attention to the life histories and culture of these crops types as well as sound certification and harvest methods is given to ensure quality planting seed. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

123. Field Crop Technology (3)
Examination of the changes in technology which have affected the production of agronomic crops worldwide, the life of the farmer and his society. Attention is given to changes in farming practices, types of crops grown, quality of crops, and postharvest utilization. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

133. Forage Crops (3)
Prerequisite: junior standing, Forage crops of California; alfalfa, silage, irrigated pasture, range, related to livestock teed enterprises, cultural methods, uses and marketing'. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

173. Range Improvement (3)
Prerequisite: junior standing. Identification of range plants; carrying capacity; methods of range improvement, grazing management, water development, rodents, fertilization, reseeding, brush removal; mountain range resources. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 1 Saturday field trip)

183. Advanced Agronomy (3)
Prerequisite: 6 units of agronomy; senior standing. Relating the various production techniques and problems to the functions of agronomic crops. Practical problem solving; field experimentation; research paper evaluation.



Vegetable Crops (Plant)

4. Vegetable Crops (3)
Culture of vegetable crops for market and home; importance, varieties, cultivation, harvesting, storing, and marketing; vegetable diseases and insect pests; vegetables adapted to the San Joaquin Valley. Student garden maintained. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 2 Saturday field trips)

114. Vegetable Field Crops I (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 14. Cultural practices, harvesting, processing, and marketing of warm season vegetables of economic importance to California and the San Joaquin Valley. (Field trip fee, $35 to $65) (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 3-day field trip)

124. Vegetable Field Crops II (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 14. Cultural practices, harvesting, processing, and marketing of cool season vegetables at economic importance to California and the San Joaquin Valley. (Field trip fee, $35 to $65) (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 3-day field trip) (Former Plant 170T section)

154. Organic Gardening (3)
Prerequisite: Bot 10. Organic method of growing food. Demonstrations and applications in student gardens of principles of composting, crop rotation, mulching, sowing times, natural fertilizers, bio-control of pests and diseases. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

174. Physiology of Vegetable Crops (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 14, Sot 104. Principles of plant physiology related to factors associated with maturity, quality, pest resistance, development at new varieties, and production of vegetables. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)





Ornamental Horticulture (Plant)

15. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture (3)
Planting and maintenance of the garden; selection, planting, fertilization, and pruning of ornamental plants; lawn planting and care. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

25. Plant Identification (3)
Identification, habits of growth, culture and landscape use of trees, shrubs, vines, annuals, herbaceous perennials including tropicals, subtropicals, conservatory and house plants. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

35. Principles of Nursery Operation (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 20. Nursery structures; practice in production of ornamental, fruit, nut, annual, perennial, bedding, vegetable, and pot plants; retail and wholesale nursery practices. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

55. Introductory Landscape Design (3)
History and development in the field of landscape design. A study of the need for landscaping in modern man's environment. Consideration of landscaping practices for the modern home and their effect on the home microenvironment.

65. Floral Design (3)
Introductory floral design; principles and rules of design and color using plants as the media; influence of the Japanese and European schools; emphasis on modern American line-mass design. (Course lee, $25) (2 lecture, 3 Lab hours)

75. Indoor Plants (3)
Prerequisite: Bot 1 or 10. Identification, growth habits and techniques of growing indoor plants. Use of foliage and flowering plants for interior decoration. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 1-day field trip)

105. Arboretums and Botanical Gardens (2)
Arboretums and botanical gardens in the United States; purpose, design, and functions of arboretums and botanical gardens in the present environment. (1 lecture, 3 lab hours)

115. Landscape Graphics (3)
Lettering techniques, styles, basic and special drafting equipment used by landscape architects. Graphic construction and techniques used in developing landscape plans, including symbols and rendering techniques. Site plan and elevation rendering; section and detail drawing in landscape architecture. (1 lecture, 6 lab hours)

125. Ornamental Trees (3)
Prerequisite: Bot 1 or Bot 10. Trees grown in California for landscaping, shade and ornamentation; identification, habits of growth, cultural requirements, landscape, use. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 1-day field trip)

135. Flower Shop Management (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 65. Practices and principles in planning and managing a retail flower shop. Design of floral compositions for special occasions, weddings, and funerals, including the use of dried and permanent materials. (Course fee, $25) (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 1-day field trip)

145. Floriculture (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 15. The construction, operation, and management of greenhouses and other forcing structures. The greenhouse environment and its relationship to the production of commercial florist crop. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 1-day field trip)

155. Plant Hormones (3)
The effects of plant hormones and other growth regulating chemicals on the physiology, growth, and development of horticultural plants. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

165. Turfgrass Production and Management (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 15. Production and maintenance of grass for lawns, public parks, public institutions, playgrounds, playing fields, golf courses, bowling greens; identification of turfgrasses and turfgrass seed. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

175. Nursery Management (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 15, 25. Design, construction and utilization of nursery structures; control of temperature and lighting; business organization. (2 lecture, 3 .lab hours)

185. Landscape Design (4)
Prerequisite: Plant 115; senior standing. The analysis and solution of construction problems as they relate to design and site development. (2 lecture, 6 lab hours)

195. Advanced Floriculture (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 145. Practices and techniques in the production of major floricultural crops with emphasis on cut flowers, potted plants, and bedding plants. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 2-day field trip)


Horticulture (Plant)

16. Fruits of the World (3)
Origin, history, nutrition value and world distribution of fruits; factors affecting growth, storage and handling, fruit processing, and marketing.

106. Fruit Species of California (3)
Prerequisite: junior standing. Fruit and nut species common to California; their adaptation and uses.

116. Fruit Production I (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 16. Adaptations of fruits to their environments; training, pruning, propagation, rootstocks; fundamentals of fall cultural practices. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

126. Fruit Production II (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 16. Fruit and vegetative development; pollination, nutrition, product utilization; fundamentals of spring cultural practices. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

136. Citriculture (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 16. History and botany of citriculture; species adaptation to our environment; fruit and vegetative development; cultural practices; production and economics. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

166. Postharvest Handling of Horticultural Crops (3)
Prerequisite: A course in Horticulture, Vegetable Crops or Viticulture. The nature of maturation, ripening, and senescence of tree fruits, grapes, and vegetables. Principles of handling fresh produce; harvesting, precooling, packaging, storage, and transportation. (Field trip fee, $35 to $65) (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 3-day field trip)

186. Orchard Management (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 116. Practices and principles in planning, establishing, and maintaining fruit and nut crops; new development analysis; survey of scientific literature. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)




Viticulture (Plant)

17. General Viticulture (3)
History and origin of the grape industry; brief introduction to the cultural practices of grape growing. Current trends in the raisin, table, wine, fresh juice and canning segments of the grape industry, both in the U.S. and foreign countries.

27. Raisin Production and Processing (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 17. Principles and practices of raisin production, dehydration and processing operations; utilization of the university vineyard and raisin processing laboratory. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

107. Viticulture I (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 17. Current status and future of grape industry; commercial classes of grapes; climatic and soil requirements for grape growing. Principles and practices of vineyard fertilization, cultivation, and pruning. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

117. Viticulture II (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 17. Planning of new vineyards. Principles and practices of propagation, planting, and training grapes. Morphology and physiology of the grapevine and response of the vine to growth regulators and other means of improving grape quality. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

127. Grape Varieties (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 17. Grape varieties common to California; rootstocks and species, identification, adaptability, use and acreage; taste testing fresh grapes.

177. Marketing Grapes and Tree Fruit (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 116 or 117 Ag Ec 31. Principles of marketing dealing specifically with grape and tree fruit, fresh and processed; marketing orders, modes of transportation, market news, competing countries, and the export market. (Field trip fee, $35 to $65) (3-day field trip)

187. Advanced Viticulture (3)
Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Relating the various cultural techniques to the physiology of the grape vines; effect of these techniques on vine health and vigor; economics and management of vineyards. (Field trip fee, $35 to $65) (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 3-day field trip)

 


Soils (Plant)

108. Soils (3)
Prerequisite: high school chemistry or Chem 2A (Chem 2B or 2C concurrent). Physical and chemical properties of soils as a medium for plant growth; factors that influence soil formation; evaluation of current studies including food production, soil map interpretation, fertilizer use, soil's role in the biosphere. (3 lecture hours, 1 Saturday field trip)

108L. Soils Laboratory (1)
Prerequisite: Plant 108 (or concurrently). Physical, chemical and biological analysis. interpretation of field and laboratory data. (3 lab hours)

118. Soil Classification and Survey (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 108. Influence of environmental factors on soil development; description and identification of soil profiles and mapping, interpretation of survey data. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

128. Soil Management (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 108. Factors affecting soil fertility, management of soils, attaining continuous optimum productivity. Physical, chemical, and field tests on soil productivity and crop management. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 1 Saturday field trip)

138. Soil Fertility (3)
Prerequisite: Chem 2A-B and 3 units of soils. Evaluation of plant nutrient status of soils, chemistry of the nutrient elements, soil and plant tissue analyses and interpretation, fertilizer use. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours) .

148. Fertilizers (3)
Prerequisites: college chemistry, Plant 108. Essential plant nutrients and sources; manufacturing of fertilizers, their properties, reactions, methods of application and placement; utilization of organic wastes as manures, impact on environment; crop nutrient requirements and fertilizer recommendations; economics of fertilizer use. (Former Plant 170T section-

158. Environmental Chemistry (3)
Prerequisite: Chem 8. The chemistry of the environment; air, water, and soil reactions; agricultural and waste disposal impacts. Student research project and report required. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours) (Former Plant 170T section)




Irrigation (Plant)

59. Irrigation (3)
Methods of irrigation adapted to the San Joaquin Valley; water requirements of various crops and methods of application. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 1 week end field trip)

119. Ornamental Horticulture Irrigation (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 59, 108; senior standing. Design, installation, and operation of irrigation systems used for ornamental plants, turf areas, nurseries, and greenhouse operations. (2 lecture, Slab hours; 1 Saturday field trip)

129. Field Crop Irrigation (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 59, 108; senior standing. Design, installation and operation of irrigation systems for field, vine, and tree crops. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours; 1 Saturday field trip)





Mechanized Agriculture (Ag Me)

Note: Suitable eye protection is required in many Ag Me laboratory classes.

15. Agricultural Mechanics (3)
Mechanical skills in field of agriculture; selection, care and use of common farm tools; projects of wood and metal in farm appliances. (2 lecture, 2 lab hours)

17. Farm Tractors (3)
Operation and maintenance of farm tractors; operation of farm tractor under field conditions; service, maintenance and minor repair of gas, diesel, and butane type engines of wheel and crawler type' (2 lecture, 2 lab hours; 5 hours field operation)

18. Agricultural Welding (3)
Prerequisite: Ag Me 15. Metallurgy of mechanized agriculture. Arc and oxyacetylene welding, cutting and brazing process as tools of construction, maintenance and repair of the machines of modern agriculture. (2 lecture, 2 lab hours)

25. Agricultural Drafting (3)
May be taken concurrently with Ag Me 15. Use of drafting instruments, lettering, dimensioning, scale drawings and working drawings of projects in agricultural mechanics; elementary plan and perspective drawings of small buildings. (2 lecture, 2 lab hours)

80. Undergraduate Research (1-4; max total 4)
Open to freshmen and sophomores with permission of instructor. Exploratory work on a suitable agricultural problem in agricultural education, international agriculture, agricultural mechanics, dairy industry, analogy, or food science. (Former Agri 80)

81. Farm Structures and Equipment (3)
Prerequisite: Ag Me 15. Construction and repair of farm structures and equipment; farm carpentry and construction principles; engineering principles, codes; farmstead layouts and basic requirements of farm structures. (2 lecture, 2 lab hours)

91. Farm Surveying (3)
Prerequisite: sophomore standing. Use of the steel tape, level, transit and compass; field problems in chaining distances, laying out building lines, profile leveling for irrigation ditches and drains, land leveling, and measuring land areas. (2 lecture, 2 lab hours)

111. Rural Electrification (2)
Prerequisite: junior standing. Fundamentals of alternating current, wiring practices, circuit layouts and problems, motor and branch circuit protection; safe use of electricity; wiring of farmstead.

111L. Rural Electrification Laboratory (1)
Prerequisite: Ag Me 111 or taken concurrently. Laboratory experiments to accompany Ag Me 111. (3 lab hours)

115. Farm Machinery (3)
Prerequisite: Ag Me 15 Study and operation of tillage tools, interaction of the soil and tool; cotton, grain, and specialized harvesting machinery and equipment. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

116. Farm Machinery (3)
Prerequisite: Ag Me 15. A study of farm machinery used in spring and summer operations. Orchard and field spraying equipment, field and row crop planters, cultivating tools, and haying machinery (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

121. Advanced Agricultural Welding (3)
Prerequisite: Ag Me 18. Arc and gas welding processes in construction and repair of farm equipment; inert arc welding; radiograph and shape burning; aluminum and stainless steels; welding tests and design of welded structures, (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

125. Landscape Ornamental Structures (3)
Prerequisite: Ag Me 15, junior standing. Layout and construction of landscape structures. Type of construction; properties and uses of masonry, wood, concrete, and steel. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

131. Agricultural Fluid Power (3)
Prerequisite: junior standing. Theory and practice in the operation, service, adjustment, and function of the component parts of fluid power systems. Design application of systems to farm machines. (2 lectures, 3 lab hours)

147. Agricultural Processing Technology I (3)
Prerequisite: Math 4 and junior or senior standing. Principles of plant operations in the food and fiber industries. Basic theory of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, refrigeration, dehydration, cleaning and sorting, cost analysis and plant layout. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours) (Former Ag Me 140)

148. Agricultural Processing Technology II (3)
Prerequisite: Math 4 and junior or senior standing. Processing techniques including heat exchange equipment, distillation, process condition, pumps in food industry, fluid flow measurement. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours) (Former Ag Me 141)

151A-B. Farm Power (3-3)
Prerequisite: Ag Me 15. (A) Principles of the internal combustion engine; adjusting, servicing, and minor repairs practical in farming operations. (B) Overhauling and repairing of gasoline and diesel farm tractors and engines; field servicing and repairing of auxiliary power plants on farm machinery. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

153. Small Engines (3)
Prerequisite: Ag Me 15. Not open to students with credit in Ag Me 151. Theory of operation, maintenance and repair of small gasoline internal combustion engines, both 2-cycle and 4-cycle. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

159. Pumps and Motors (3)
Prerequisite: Ag Me 15, Plant 59, Math 4. Operation and study of centrifugal and deep well turbines; testing of pumps and motors under operating conditions to determine efficiency; installation, protective devices, maintenance and proper selection of single and three-phase motors used on the farm. (2 lecture, 3 tab hours)

160T. Topics in Agriculture (1-4; max total 6 per discipline if no topic repeated)
Prerequisite: junior standing, permission of instructor. Mechanized agriculture. Topics may require lab hours. (Former Agri 160T)

180. Undergraduate Research (1-4; max total 4)
Open to juniors or seniors with permission of instructor. Exploratory work on a suitable agricultural problem in agricultural education, international agriculture, agricultural mechanics, dairy industry, ecology' or food science. (Former Agri 180)

190. Independent Study (1-3; max see reference)
See Academic Placement -- Independent Study.

194. Agricultural Internship (1-8; max total 8)
Prerequisite; junior or senior standing and approval of internship committee. Emphasis on development of decision-making ability through industrial experience integrated with basic principles acquired in the classroom, (Former Agri 173 section)


GRADUATE COURSES

The following graduate courses are open to students who have been accepted in to the graduate program. Final semester senior undergraduate students may petition the Division of Graduate Studies to enroll in graduate courses. The petition form, which is available in the department office, must be accompanied by GRE scores to be considered.




Agriculture (Agri)

200. Biometrics in Agriculture (3)
Prerequisites: Math 101 or Plant 99; permission of instructor. Advanced concepts in the design of agricultural experiments. Emphasis is placed on the selection of appropriate designs to meet the objectives of well-planned experiments. Relative merits of various designs and topics in analysis, interpretation, and regression are covered.

201. Agricultural Laboratory Techniques (3)
Prerequisite: One of the following courses: Bot 130; Chem 105, 109, 151; Enol 115 or FScN 115. Agricultural problem solving through the application of advances in laboratory technology, crop management, foods, nutrition, soil and water quality. Theory and practice operation of scientific instruments and techniques are taught. Student defined project and report required. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours) (Formerly Agri 250T section)

220. Research Communications in Agriculture (3)
Prerequisite: completion of university writing skills requirement. Empahsis on critical literature review, scientific writing, and oral presentation of research results.

230T. Topics in Mechanized Agriculture (3; max total 12)
Prerequisite: upper-division mechanized agriculture course appropriate to study topic. Advanced studies in a given area; farm power and machinery, agricultural processes, machinery management. Topics may require lab hours.

250T. Topics in Plant Science (3; max total 12)
Prerequisites: upper-division plant science appropriate to study topic; permission of instructor. Advanced studies in a given area: crop physiology, plant breeding, plant pathology, plant nutrition, or economics. Topics may require lab hours.

251. Pesticides (3)
Prerequisites: Bot 10, Chem 8. Modes of action of pesticides. Absorption and translocation of pesticides. Mechanisms of pesticide specificity. Interaction with soil and soil microbes. Biotechnology developments, pesticide use in integrated pest management systems.

252. Plant Nutrition (3)
Prerequisite: Bot 130. Mineral requirements of plants; the acquisition and translocation of nutrients by higher plants and the role of nutrient elements in plant development. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

254. Plant Hormones and Regulators (3)
Prerequisites: Bot 130, Chem 8. History of discovery, chemical nature, extraction, and identification of naturally occurring hormones. Physiological and biochemical effects of plant growth substances and hormones. Mechanism of action of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, inhibitors (A.B.A.), ethylene, and other hormones. Agricultural impacts of growth regulators. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

255. Advanced Plant Breeding (3)
Prerequisites: Biol 140A-B; Genet 120. Principles and techniques of plant improvement, breeding methods, combining ability, sterility systems, quantitative genetic analysis, heritability estimates, experimental designs for plant breeding.

256. Plant-Water Relationships (3)
Prerequisite: Bot 130. Physicochemical properties of water and solutions; movement of water, solutes, and growth regulators in plants; study of moisture-sensitive periods of various crops; factors affecting water absorption and retention.

257. Physiology of Cultivated Crops (3)
Prerequisite: Bot 104. Plant cell structure and function. Response of cultivated plants to the environment. Physiology and hormonal control of flower induction, fruit set, and development. Review of pertinent current publications.

258. Plant Disease Control (3)
Prerequisite: Plant 106. Principles of plant disease control. Methods and theory used in application of chemicals, biological control and breeding for resistance. Insight into industrial research and development of control measures. (2 lecture, 3 lab hours)

270. Seminar in Plant Science (1; max total 4)
Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Reviews of published and/or original research in the areas of crop development, soils and irrigation, and crop protection.

290. Independent Study (1-3; max see reference)
See Academic Placement -- Independent Study.

299. Thesis (3)
Prerequisite: prior advancement to candidacy. See Criteria for Thesis and Project. Preparation, completion, and submission of an acceptable thesis for the master's degree. Oral defense of thesis required.


IN-SERVICE COURSE

(See Course Numbering System.)

Agriculture (Agri)

300. Topics in Agriculture (1-3)
Topics may require lab hours.

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