Faculty Reserve Services Guidelines
The mission of Faculty Reserve Services is to provide a system giving access to texts, exams, supplemental readings, etc. for students enrolled in a specific course. Materials are provided electronically through the E-Reserves system to increase access for students on campus and off campus; no more than 50 items can be placed on E-Reserves for any class. Hard copy reserved items (books, etc.) are available for short-term loan at the Circulation desk.
Reserved materials are subject to Copyright Law which places restrictions on the amount and type of material that may be used for course purposes. Any items that do not meet copyright guidelines will not be placed on reserve.
Copyrighted Materials Owned or Licensed by the Library
Books. Books owned by the Library will be available for short-term loan from the Circulation Desk.
Chapters in Books. Instructors may submit single chapters of books with full original source citations, generally constituting no more than 15% of the complete work, for placement on the E-Reserve system. If two or more chapters of a book are required, or if the chapter constitutes more than 15% of the total work, the complete book will be placed on reserve at the Circulation Desk.
Print or Microform Journal Articles. Instructors may submit single journal articles, generally constituting no more than 15% of the journal issue, for placement on the E-Reserve system. If more than 15% of an issue is requested, the journal will not be placed on hard copy reserve.
Electronic Journal Articles. Electronic journals are licensed by the Library for use by the entire campus community. On request, a link will be made from the electronic reserve system to an article in an electronic journal licensed by the library. Our licenses do not usually limit the number of electronic journal articles that may be so linked. Faculty may also freely link to electronic journal articles from Blackboard if they so desire.
Other Materials
Some materials, including most government publications, are in the public domain and do not require permission. In addition, works created by individual faculty members (including tests, homework assignments and study guides) and student papers may be placed on reserve with the written consent of the copyright holder. Some publishers allow blanket academic use of their publications. For assistance in determining if a specific item is subject to copyright restrictions, ask the Faculty Reserve Service staff at 278-3972.
Copyrighted Materials Not Owned or Licensed by the Library and Provided by Faculty Fair use provisions of the Copyright Law allow materials not owned by the Library to be placed on reserve for one semester only. Any subsequent use requires that the instructor obtain permission from the copyright holder and pay any royalties before the item can be re-posted. Traditionally, many publishers have granted permission for use of an item in a course when the course instructor requests permission from the publisher; Faculty Reserve Service can provide example letters to assist instructors in requesting permissions from publishers. The instructor must seek copyright permission for each item. If the publisher denies the instructor use of the item, Faculty Reserve Services will investigate copyright fees for the item. The Library will pay up to $25.00 copyright clearance fee per item up to $100.00 per class. The instructors are encouraged to apply for copyright permission as early as possible (a process that can take 24 weeks or more). Proof of permission and payment of any fee is required by Faculty Reserve Services prior to re-use of an item. For assistance in locating copyright holders consult Faculty Reserve Services at 278-3972. Books. Books provided by faculty will be available for short-term loan from the Circulation Desk.
Chapters in Books. When copyright clearance is received, copyright fees paid, or fair use is appropriate, single chapters of a book, generally constituting no more than 15% of the complete work, will be scanned and provided electronically. If two or more chapters of a book are required, or if the chapter constitutes more than 15% of the total work, the complete book will be placed on reserve at the Circulation Desk.
Journal Articles. When copyright clearance is received, copyright fees paid, or fair use is appropriate, single journal articles, generally constituting no more than 15% of the journal issue, will be placed on the E-reserves system. If more than 15% of an issue is requested without copyright clearance being obtained, the journal will not be accepted for reserve.
Required Readings (Course Packs)
The E-Reserve system is not a replacement for course packs. In order to abide by the tenets of Fair Use, Faculty Reserve Services is very sensitive to the effect of reserve materials on the market for the item (one of the four factors in a Fair Use analysis; more information on making a Fair Use determination is available at http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ21.pdf). Copyrighted items included in the course syllabus as required reading for a course that are not covered in the above sections of this document should be included in course packs (in which students pay copyright fee royalties to the publisher). In 1991 a federal court ruled that a publisher's copyright was infringed when a Kinko's copy shop reprinted portions of a book in an academic course pack. (Basic Books Inc. v. Kinko's Graphics Corp., 758 F.Supp. 1522 (S.D. N.Y. 1991). The court said that reprinting copyrighted materials in academic course packs was not a fair use and that permission was required. Since students pay copyright clearance fees for items reproduced in course packs, items included in course packs should not be placed on the E-Reserve system nor should items placed on the E-Reserve system be included in course packs. To arrange a course pack for your classes, contact the Kennel Bookstore (278-3945).
Use Policies
Materials on reserve must meet the following criteria:
There will be no charge to users of the reserve service.
- Use of materials on reserve for a course is limited to students taking the course and faculty members teaching it. The materials are password protected.
- Use of the reserve system is limited to Fresno State students, faculty, and staff. Print materials require a valid keycard for checkout from the Circulation Desk. Electronic reserves require a current Fresno State email account to access the system.
- Identifying source information and a copyright notice must appear on all items placed on reserve. Print reserves will typically have this information on the title page of the work. For electronic reserves, a cover page with this information clearly indicated must be included.
- Students are advised by the electronic reserve system about copyright thus:
"The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair use that user may be liable for copyright infringement."
