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Preparatory Review

APPENDIX A
EVIDENTIARY REPORT: OPPORTUNITY

“Access to Quality Programs for Diverse Populations”

 
Intrinsic to the character of California State University, Fresno is the principle that a quality education should be available to all eligible students. This is evidenced by an existing strong commitment to equity that ensures the lowering of barriers to entry and retention for all groups of learners—be they low income and migrant students, community college transfers and first generation college attendees, immigrant and international students, reentry adults and returning professionals, or distance and Web-based learners. The present essay examines the dual-faceted nature of this opportunity principle: a strong commitment to equity and diversity, and a purposeful dedication to the provision of a quality education for all concerned. It is important to note that the opportunity discussed here is thus not limited to students; it also refers to the opportunity afforded to faculty, staff, and administrators for involvement in this critical endeavor as teachers, advisers, supporters, and enablers of students. Faculty, staff, and administrators—as diverse learners themselves—require access to excellent training and development programs for their own professional advancement and for the improvement of the university.

CFR
1.5

Behind the provision of equal access and quality education lies a solid structure of policy, plan, and program support. The university’s Mission Statement proclaims a commitment to both “offer a high quality educational opportunity to qualified students…” and to “seek and encourage historically underrepresented students to embark upon and complete a university education.” In the strategic plan (Plan for Excellence II, 2001-2006), fully nine goals (# 9, 10, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, and 37) deal directly with issues of opportunity for quality educational experiences for students, staff, faculty and administrators. Reflecting these and numerous specific campus documents variously referred to throughout this essay, the WASC Self-Study Steering Committee's Institutional Purposes #1 and #2 and Educational Goals # 1 and #4 decisively address issues of opportunity.  

Attracting and Supporting a Diverse Campus Community

Diversity has become a hallmark of California State University, Fresno, as is dramatically evidenced in institutional statistics on student body faculty, staff, and service area. Specific focus on such strong commitment to an inclusive campus may be found in two important documents, the President’s Statement on Campus Climate and Diversity, and the EEEO Plan, which are further bolstered by campus human resource policies, a diverse array of courses and programs of study, and programs to facilitate the success of returning students, first-generation and distance learning college students, transfer students, and other special needs populations.

In spring 2003, the university held for the first time a Diversity Week, including special events and displays that celebrated the rich cultural diversity of the campus and its surrounding community.

 
EXEMPLAR:
Diversity Week
 

Student Recruitment and College Transition

Central to the creation of such an inclusive campus is the recruitment of students and all university employees. The essential value and distinctive character of the university's diversity is thus being constantly maintained through ongoing, vigilant outreach. The Office of University Outreach is committed to attracting a diverse student population to the campus by focusing efforts on reaching out to underserved student groups in rural and underprivileged communities where low-income, first-generation college students constitute a high percentage of the population. Special recruitment events throughout the year bring diverse students to visit the campus, learn about the university's academic programs, and meet with students, faculty, and staff. Student Ambassadors visit high schools regularly to facilitate university enrollment by assisting students individually with the pre-admission process. In the middle schools, early outreach efforts provide university tutors and mentors who offer academic development assistance in math, English and science, while at the same time giving these students early exposure to higher education.

Staff Recruitment

 
In the area of staff and management recruiting, emphasis is placed on developing applicant pools that include the very best available talents. To that end the Office of Employment and Recruitment advertises open positions on the Internet, also using appropriate professional journals for the more specialized positions. Advertising resources are made available to hiring authorities at the outset of the recruiting process. Assuring the effectiveness of the EEEO policy, the Equal Employment Opportunity Coordinator or designee is an active participant in every search process. The recently updated Equal Employment and Educational Opportunity Plan includes a variety of strategies for reaching qualified labor markets. A career opportunity Web site lists vacant positions.

Faculty Recruitment

CFR
3.1
California State University Fresno is committed to providing a diverse student population with a quality education at the graduate and undergraduate levels (link to Educational Goal # 4). To this end, the university seeks to recruit and retain a quality faculty from every background, within the framework of federal and state law, to fulfill its mission. University hiring policies are designed to assure that all candidates receive a fair opportunity to present their credentials. Web access to important policies is readily available (e.g., the Interim Policy on the Appointment of Tenure Track Faculty and the Award of Service Credit); and all full-time vacancy announcements are posted on the Web site of Academic Personnel Services and on the national academic vacancy Web site, resulting in interest from applicants worldwide.

To further encourage interest in the university and the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area, Academic Personnel Services has developed a Web site to answer questions regarding the university and community from prospective employees.

Supporting a Quality Learning Environment

 

CFR
3.3

Many campus student services have as their primary goal ensuring the success of all students including those with specific needs. Student services programs such as the Educational Opportunity Program, the Office of Reentry Services, Summer Bridge, College Assistance Migrant Program, and University Migrant Services are designed to provide a comprehensive array of services to support the academic, personal, and social development of target populations. Services such as academic planning, advising, counseling, financial aid advising, peer mentoring, learning assistance and new-student orientation are essential to helping these students realize their academic, personal and career goals.

SPG
5

Advising Services and Support Programs

The Office of Advising Services provides a variety of services that support student learning and development and increase the probability of success for all students. Dog Days: New Student Orientation provides creative programs designed to prepare new students for a successful academic experience. It provides an opportunity for the campus community to make early connections with students and parents. Current students receive assistance with undeclared major advising, general education advising, academic petition procedures, special major advising, academic problem solving and understanding university policies and procedures. The mission of the Office of Advising Services is to empower undergraduate students by helping them take responsibility for achieving their academic and personal goals, and to support the university advising community.

CFR
2.12
2.13
2.14

 

SPG
6
7

EXEMPLAR:
DOG DAYS
 

The Office of Reentry Services offers access and retention support specifically for non-tradition students 25 years of age and older. Services are provided to promote lifelong learning, help adult learners seek meaningful goals for themselves, and prepare them for success in their personal, educational, and career endeavors. Specialized services for Reentry students include extended evening appointment hours for pre-admission and academic advising, assistance with the university’s application and admission process, student orientation sessions designed to address the transition needs of the older student, tutoring, study tables, and workshops. The Reentry Services office also assists students 60 years or older to enroll in the 60+ Program at a reduced fee on a space available basis. In 2000, Reentry Services was awarded the “Outstanding Adult Learner Program” at the Academic College Personnel Association National Convention in Washington, D.C. Angela R. Cisneros, Coordinator, received the runner-up award for Outstanding Individual Contribution Commuter/Adult Learner Perspective by a Student Development Professional (5 or more years professional experience) category. Reentry student and president of the Reentry Students Association Kathleen Anderson also received the Honorable Mention Award in the Individual Contribution Commuter/ Adult Learner Perspective by a Student.

CFR
2.13

The Summer Bridge Program is designed to help students from low-income backgrounds prepare to meet the demands of the university and bridge the gap between high school and university life. Discipline-centered programs like Mathematics, Engineering and Science Achievement Program (MESAP) and the Health Careers Opportunity Program (HCOP) support economically and educationally disadvantaged students in successfully attaining degrees in mathematics and science-related careers and preparing for graduate studies. Students with special needs because of a temporary or permanent disability that may affect their academic functioning are served through Services for Students with Disabilities. This office works to ensure that campus programs, activities, and facilities are accessible and provides support services for students with disabilities to participate in the full range of campus programs and activities. The programs excel in enriching the college experience and are instrumental in helping students maximize their academic and personal potential during their college years.  
EXEMPLAR:
Summer Bridge
 
Transfer students receive preadmission advising through University Outreach Services. Information is provided on transfer course requirements and students are assisted with the university application process. New transfer students participate in new student orientation where connections are made with major advisors. Bulldog B.A.R.K. for Transfer Students, an academic advising handbook, is used in conjunction with the General Catalog and Schedule of Courses to help new transfer students understand basic academic requirements, guide them through class scheduling and the registration process, and assist them with ongoing academic planning for their degree objective.

CFR
2.14

The Faculty Mentoring Program is a unique experience that affords students the opportunity to interact with faculty in a setting other than the traditional classroom. Selected new freshmen and transfer students are linked with faculty mentors who provide guidance, friendship, and support throughout the students’ academic careers. Faculty Mentoring Program students are required to enroll in a Freshman Orientation Seminar course. In addition, students participate in special activities or events and have regular interactions with their mentor. CFR
2.13
EXEMPLAR:
The Faculty Mentoring Program
 
University 1 is a course for new students that fosters a successful transition into the academic community as well as the larger university environment. Integrating student development and academic rigor, the course leads students to a holistic understanding of the value of an education and its role in creating a healthy society. University 1 encourages students to take responsibility for their educational development, for contributing to the development of others, and for honoring values and commitments in their private and public behavior. The course lays a cornerstone for higher education and advanced study.

SPG
7

The Office of Services for Students with Disabilities, in collaboration with others, endeavors to promote opportunities for students with disabilities to achieve their academic, cultural and social interests by ensuring that campus programs, activities and facilities are accessible.

 

The Health Careers Opportunity Program (HCOP) is designed to assist incoming students from underserved and disadvantaged backgrounds from high school or community college make a successful transition into the university. It also provides them necessary support throughout their undergraduate education to prepare them to be competitive for health professional school or graduate health and science programs. HCOP provides its students with resources and opportunities designed to enhance both their academic work and extracurricular pursuits with services such as scholarship support, peer advising, tutoring, academic counseling, academic workshops and facilitating placement into community health research projects, and clinics.  
The Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program is an exciting effort designed to encourage promising college students to pursue academic doctoral study. The McNair Program is supported by U.S. Department of Education Title IV funds. Fresno State has been a successful competitor for these nationally disbursed funds over many years, and claims a noteworthy track record of success among its graduates. Through McNair, talented college students are allowed to prepare for graduate study via participation in an intensive program intended to acquaint them with advanced-level research under the mentorship of a faculty member. Named for a Challenger space shuttle crew member, the McNair Program serves as a living memorial to a man who overcame seemingly insurmountable odds to be awarded his Ph.D. in physics and later, to realize his dream of becoming an astronaut for NASA. Stipends for participants are $2400, entailing successful participation in the McNair Program and completion of the research project.  
EXEMPLAR:
McNair Program
 
California State University, Fresno is strongly committed to providing an educational environment that assures comparable access to Web-based information and information technology for individuals with disabilities. In order to accomplish this task, the university has incorporated Web accessibility into its Web training programs, provides assistance to faculty creating Web pages through the Digital Campus Resource Center, has developed instructional videos explaining accessibility and providing perspectives from users with disabilities regarding their problems and technical needs, and maintains a Web site with information and online accessibility tools and resources. The university’s Web accessibility policy is currently going through the consultative process and the implementation plan is in development. Future activities include creation of a handbook for Web site authors and continuation of ongoing presentations and seminars.

The Division of Graduate Studies administers several fellowships programs to support graduate student success. One example is the California Graduate Equity Fellowship Program, which seeks to increase the diversity of students completing graduate degree programs on this campus and encourages continuation on to the doctoral programs and consideration of university faculty careers. Fellowships are provided for economically disadvantaged graduate students, especially from groups that are underrepresented among graduate degree recipients in their areas of study, and the program actively promotes faculty mentoring and research opportunities.

 

The mission of California State University, Fresno Office of Career Services is to support the academic purpose of the university by providing comprehensive career development services to currently enrolled students and alumni. These services help students identify and attain personally rewarding careers. Also, Career Services helps students achieve their educational and career goals. Career Services staff members provide counseling, workshops, class presentations, and job fairs, and work to develop effective college relations with employers who in turn recruit and hire our Fresno State graduates.

Keeping Abreast of Student Needs

CFR
2.8

Student Surveys. The university regularly identifies the characteristics of its student body and assesses student needs with the aim of improving accessibility and satisfaction. The following instruments serve to gauge student needs, priorities, satisfaction, perceived importance of specific programs and services, and actual student behaviors:

  • Student Needs and Priorities Survey (SNAPS) - Every 5 years
  • HERI Astin Survey of Entering Freshmen - Every 3 years
  • Noel-Levitz Student Satisfaction Survey (SSI) - Every 2 years
  • National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) – Every 3 years with the CSU NSSE consortium

Each of the above student surveys provides benchmark norms with relevant aggregations of students. Thus Fresno State is able to compare its performance with that of peer institutions both regionally and nationally. Findings from the surveys occasionally are supplemented by those of student focus groups which are convened to amplify or clarify findings from a recently administered survey. Survey results are reported to the president’s cabinet and other entities on campus, with the purpose of improving structure and processes.

The Division of Graduate Studies annually surveys graduate students in their final semester or holds focus groups to assess their satisfaction with their graduate education at California State University, Fresno. Students are invited to share their concerns and recommendations for improving graduate education on this campus.

Providing Quality Educational Programs to Meet the Diverse Needs of Students

CFR
2.10

The university offers a wide variety of degree programs, including 59 bachelor degree programs, 40 master’s degree programs, a Joint Doctorate in Educational Leadership, and several certificate and advanced certificate programs. The range and quality of offerings in majors and courses are appropriate to the mission of the university and consistent with the level expected of quality institutions of higher learning. Each degree has quality offerings appropriate to the field, and the general education program is approved campus and statewide. The general education program provides a breadth of experience for each student. Graduation with the degree, including the general education program, involves successful completion of individual programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels, as described in the General Catalog.

Special Opportunities

CFR
2.1
2.2
2.3

In addition to the general offerings, a number of special programs and opportunities are available to meet the needs of exceptional students and those with unique challenges.

The Smittcamp Family Honors College was founded in the fall of 1999 to attract high-quality students to the university. These students are recruited from the entire state through solicitations of high school principals, scholarship advisers and California Scholastic Foundation advisers, in addition to direct mail to high PSAT scorers. Students in the Honors College receive a four-year President's Scholarship that includes all registration fees and on-campus housing. The Residence Hall administration attempts to cluster the students in several residence halls. Students also receive free parking, special library privileges, use of a laptop computer, use of the Honors computer lab, and use of the Honors Office. Students must maintain escalating (3.0, 3.25 and 3.4) grade point averages during their attendance. Students perform community service as part of their role in the Honors College.

 

EXEMPLAR:
Smittcamp Honors College
 
The Division of Continuing and Global Education is responsible for providing adult learners with educational opportunities designed to meet their needs for career advancement, professional growth, and life enrichment. To provide flexibility and to better serve the needs of the entire community, regular college courses are offered for credit, along with a variety of non-credit programs. California State University, Fresno is sensitive to the ever-changing demands of adult life and attempts to meet these diverse educational needs through its many offerings and formats. Extension courses are open to anyone; admission to the university is not prerequisite to enrollment.  
Co-curricular programs designed to integrate knowledge and practice learning have been developed and implemented. These programs are designed to develop the learner both personally and professionally, and are closely aligned with academic programs and student learning outcomes. A more thorough discussion may be found in the Interaction Evidentiary Report.

CFR
2.11

Educational Accountability

The integrity of the academic program is guaranteed by faculty review of new courses and curricula and by periodic review (as required by the CSU) of existing programs.

SPG
20
22
New Courses and Curricula Review. All new programs and new courses are reviewed by faculty at the department, college or school, and university level. View the process for undergraduate and graduate programs.

 

Assessing Learning and Instruction. A variety of mechanisms are in place to assess the quality of the student instructional experience and to support faculty in their efforts to strengthen and broaden their skills. Both graduate and undergraduate program reviews, begun in 1978 and 1990 respectively, are conducted periodically on an ongoing basis. Two recent developments have impacted the program review process.

CFR
2.2
2.4
2.6

1. Implementation of Student Learning Outcomes Assessment Planning (SOAP).
The Fresno campus has been at the forefront of student learning outcomes assessment planning in the CSU. The university in the past three years has had as a primary goal the development of Student Learning Outcomes Assessment Plans (SOAPs) for each undergraduate and graduate program offered at the institution. A major commitment of resources and campus-wide leadership has resulted in the participation of all departments in the student learning outcomes planning process. The Guide to Outcomes Assessment Planning is available on the Web. In 1998-99, all programs up for review were offered (with Chancellor’s Office approval) the option of substituting on a one-time basis, the development of a SOAP in lieu of the scheduled five-year program review. This offer was repeated for two subsequent years and those programs not scheduled for review were encouraged to also develop a SOAP. Departments were each offered 3 units of assigned time for a department assessment coordinator to develop the program's assessment plan.

CFR
2.7
4.7

At this time all departments have completed an assessment plan for their programs or are in some stage of plan development. The status of each department plan and drafts or completed plans may be viewed on the CETL website. These plans include explicitly stated goals and objectives for student learning, an analysis of where in the curriculum learning outcomes are to be achieved, a description of the means to be used to determine the extent to which students are achieving learning goals, a five-year plan for data collection, and a description of procedures to ensure that student learning outcome data will be used to inform future decisions. Most programs have begun collecting data on student learning outcomes, and many are incorporating departmentally-agreed upon learning outcomes into individual course syllabi. The syllabus template provided to faculty each semester calls for inclusion of learning outcomes. Each department is required to report some information regarding their assessment activities, in their annual report to the provost.

An assessment plan is even in place (and being implemented) for that most difficult of challenges, General Education (GE). The GE curriculum was revised in fall 1998. The university’s policy on general education calls for the General Education Subcommittee to review all GE courses every three to five years.

 

2. Revised Program Review.
A second development combined a revision of the graduate program review process and the development of an undergraduate process, aligning the procedures and the guidelines for the self-study. The revised process includes the reporting of assessment activities and any program changes made as a result of information obtained through program assessment and a new/revised assessment plan for the next five years. The new cycle of program reviews began in fall 2002, with the first round to conclude in spring 2004.

CFR
2.7

EXEMPLAR:
Student Outcomes Assessment Planning (SOAP)
 
Disciplinary Accreditation. Presently, 37 programs offered on this campus have been accredited by national professional organizations or accrediting agencies. A list of the accrediting agencies is found in the General Catalog.  
Faculty Qualifications. Quality of the educational experience is further enhanced by the quality and availability of faculty with preparation and skills supportive of the range of educational commitments of the campus. (Educational Goal #4, link) Faculty members are well qualified to provide a diverse student population with a quality education at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Standards for university faculty appointment and employment policies support the acquisition of a faculty who are highly qualified, in many cases nationally recognized, and who are committed to their students' education. Since 1977, the campus has followed a policy to appoint only faculty possessing terminal degrees to tenure-track positions (Policy on Terminal Degrees APM 304).

CFR
3.2

The university has developed a probationary plan process to help probationary employees through the tenure process. The basic policy for the probationary plan is encompassed in the Policy on Probationary Plans and Faculty Mentoring (APM 324). The probationary plan is intended to provide clear guidance and a supportive environment for the new faculty member. The concept was developed in the late 1980s and applied campus wide, beginning with the hiring class of fall 1994. This process has proven itself as a successful means to provide a positive, formative environment where the probationary faculty member has reasonable assurance that the expectations for tenure are both equitable and known from the initiation of the tenure process.

CFR
3.3

California State University Fresno has seen normal attrition rates among its probationary faculty. However, of those who complete the probationary period, very few fail to achieve tenure and promotion. This high retention rate is a reflection of the care that is initially taken in the hiring process and the support probationary faculty members receive as a result of the probationary plan process.

Faculty Development

 
The provost strongly supports faculty development and has established the Center for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning (CETL) for this purpose. The mission of CETL is to support faculty in all of their various professional roles. CETL organizes workshops and conferences at California State University, Fresno; administers in-house funding programs to enhance faculty careers; provides special programs to support faculty work; and maintains a resource area with books and videotapes on teaching, learning, and other aspects of academe.

CFR
3.4

For new faculty members, the provost has instituted a specifically focused faculty development effort. These new members are provided with assigned time equal to one course, for the purpose of attending to their professional development and establishing a research/publication agenda. Each new tenure-track faculty member is assigned a faculty mentor to guide them through the tenure-track process and provide support.

Staff and Management Development

 

The university's Office of Employment and Recruitment provides opportunities for staff and management to improve the quality of their job skills and the workplace. Employee development includes structured activities such as workshops for people learning new applications like PeopleSoft, as well as general professional and personal development opportunities. The Employment and Recruitment office also offers “just-in-time” training for managers and supervisors to address workplace issues. A list of reasonably priced job-related seminars offered by agencies in the local Fresno area is circulated. The Web is frequently used as the vehicle for communicating information to university employees. Additionally, the Office of Employee Assistance and Development Web site is an extremely valuable resource for employees seeking information about everything from diversity and communication to anger management and drug addiction.

Activities designed to cross over organizational barriers and bring faculty, staff and managers together who share common interests are also provided. Events that have been scheduled outside of work hours include employee nights at the Fresno Zoo and the Fresno Falcons game, and an insider’s tour of the Warnor Theatre 's pipe organ. During the day, usually at the noon hour, topics of personal interest are scheduled where employees have an opportunity to hear from experts on such topics as raising teenagers and stress management. Finally, fun is integrated into the workplace, through classes such as holiday wreath-making, likewise offered during the noon hour.

Campus Support for Educational Purposes

CFR
3.3

The Library. As declared in its Mission Statement, “The Henry Madden Library is the main resource for recorded knowledge and information supporting the teaching, research, and service functions of the California State University, Fresno.” Acting as a repository for recorded knowledge, the library is a rich resource for exploration and discovery of knowledge, self, and society. Its collection of books, periodicals, musical recordings, videos, and online resources encompasses a wide range of subjects in the arts and humanities, sciences and engineering, social sciences, agriculture, and applied fields, such as business, social work, etc. In addition, the collection includes writings in many languages and on the history and cultures of peoples and countries throughout the world. By monitoring use of the collection and working with faculty, the library strives to stay abreast of changes in disciplines, the curriculum and student and faculty research interests. Historically, the library has received strong support from the university administration and the quality of the library’s collection reflects that support.

CFR
2.3
2.13
3.6

In response to the growth in online resources and popularity of the Internet, the library has increased the number of subscriptions to online databases and electronic journals, and has added to the number of personal computers for student use. Statistics on the use of library databases and personal computers provide strong evidence that these services are valued. The availability of remote access to databases, however, has even further expanded the library’s reach: electronic resources no longer need be confined to library hours, but are available 24 hours/day, 7 days/week. Students who are taking online courses and who live long distances from the library thus have greater opportunities for exploration than ever before.

In order for students to take advantage of these resources, they must be motivated to explore and must develop basic research skills. Challenging and stimulating instructors motivate students to go beyond what occurs in the classroom (or on Blackboard) and conduct independent research. The library has an active instruction program to help students learn how to use various library tools, how to frame research topics, and how to evaluate their findings. More than 9,000 students have participated in one of the library’s instruction programs.

 
Instructional Technology. Continuing effort is devoted to support instruction through state-of-the-art instructional technology. An important area of support for faculty professional development, and for teaching and learning, is instructional technology. Technology is administered and supported in a combined centralized-decentralized mode (Figure A1). Technology vision and planning is provided by the Informational and Educational Technology Coordinating Council (IETCC), chaired by the president. The two central units implementing technology plans are Information Technology Services and the Academic Technology Center. The directors of these units, with the vice president for administration and the provost and vice president for academic affairs, comprise the Senior Technology Leadership Team. Decentralized support consists of technicians hired by the schools/colleges to meet specialized needs and provide direct support for school and college priorities.

CFR
3.6
3.7

Figure A1. Organizational Chart for Technology

 

The campus currently is implementing a detailed Technology Strategic Plan completed in 2000-01. Key elements of this plan are:

  • Faculty laptops are being leased and provided to schools/colleges, one per each full-time equivalent faculty member, on a three-year refresh cycle. Docking stations with keyboards and flat-screen monitors allow the laptops to be used as the primary faculty workstation. Laptops were chosen over desktop units so that they could be used in the classroom.
  • Fifty classrooms are now equipped at least with digital projectors, sound systems, large screens, and Ethernet connections. Most teaching spaces will be so equipped within five years.
  • In the next five years, campus instructional and public areas (except for the farm) will become part of the wireless network now functioning in the library, the campus core, and a limited number of additional instructional spaces. With these developments, faculty members and students are expected to make greater use of technology for content delivery and communication.
  • Expanded support for the development and instruction of Web-enhanced and Web-based courses is being provided through Digital Campus (see following discussion).

CFR
3.6
3.7

Technology Enhanced Learning

The Digital Campus operation was created based on the IETCC (Information and Educational Technology Coordinating Committee) technology initiative in December of 2000 and has since been in full operation. The Digital Campus serves all students, faculty and staff of Fresno State by providing access and support for Blackboard – an online course management system used by over 1500 major universities for delivering dynamic, interactive online courses and for fostering online communication for various campus organizations. Over 350 faculty members have participated in the training and course-building program on Blackboard. Whether here on campus or located remotely in the region or overseas, all enrolled students can participate in the Digital Campus experience by taking either partially Web-enhanced courses that supplement the traditional classroom experience or completely Web-based courses in which online attendance is required. Blackboard is accessible 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, with a single log-in. In spring 2002, the faculty taught over 500 Web-enhanced or distance learning courses on the Web to over 15,000 students (75 percent of the student body).

 
EXEMPLAR:
Digital Campus
 
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